Henri donnedieu de vabres biography of martin
•
The Nuremberg Trials
Overview
The indictment against 24 major war criminals and seven organizations was filed on October 18, by the four chief prosecutors of the International Military Tribunal. On November 20, the trial began with 21 defendants appearing before the court. The United States held 12 additional trials in Nuremberg after the initial International Military Tribunal. In all, defendants were tried, were convicted, and 37 were sentenced to death.
Appointing the Court
In the days before Germany surrendered on May 8, , President Harry S Truman appointed Associate Supreme Court Justice Robert H Jackson to be the chief prosecutor representing the United States in the proposed trials for the European Axis powers. Jackson helped lead the Allies—American, British, French, and Soviet governments—to an agreement called the London Charter,setting the procedures for the Nuremberg Trials. The London Agreement created the International • Beginning in the winter of , the governments of the Allied powers announced their intent to punish Nazi war criminals. In October , US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin signed the Moscow Declaration of German Atrocities. The declaration stated that at the time of an armistice, Germans deemed responsible for atrocities, massacres, or executions would be sent back to those countries where they had committed the crimes. There, they would be judged and punished according to the laws of the nation concerned. Major war criminals, whose crimes affected more than one country, would be punished by joint decision of the Allied governments. Though some Allied political leaders advocated summary executions of Nazi Germany’s leaders, the United States proposed to try them instead. In the words of US Secretary of State Cordell Hull, "a condemnation after suc • The International Military Tribunal was established in the summer of to try the “major war criminals” of the Nazi regime for committing wars of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Twenty-four individuals and 6 organizations were indicted. The rättegång opened on 20 November , and the judgment and sentences were completed on 1 October The tribunal heard testimony from 33 prosecution witnesses, 19 defendants, 61 defense witnesses, and 22 witnesses concerning organizations; thousands of documents were received as bevis. Nineteen defendants were funnen guilty (with 12 given the death penalty), 3 were acquitted, and 3 organizations were found to be criminal. Geoffrey Lawrence, president of IMT, UK, lord justiceInternational Military Tribunal at Nuremberg
Background
International Military Tribunal (IMT)
Summary
Persons Involved
Tribunal
Iona T. Nikitchenko, USSR, major general, judge of supreme court
Alexander Volchkov, USSR alternate, lt. colonel
Norman Birkett, UK alternate
Francis Biddle, US, former attorney gene